[gnumeric] updates to the statistical analysis tools section of the documentation
- From: Andreas J. Guelzow <guelzow src gnome org>
- To: commits-list gnome org
- Cc:
- Subject: [gnumeric] updates to the statistical analysis tools section of the documentation
- Date: Sun, 29 Aug 2010 16:41:26 +0000 (UTC)
commit 752a564afd5c54d58d5f0d25f4f12d62d2b8a03e
Author: Andreas J Guelzow <aguelzow pyrshep ca>
Date: Sun Aug 29 10:40:01 2010 -0600
updates to the statistical analysis tools section of the documentation
2010-08-29 Andreas J. Guelzow <aguelzow pyrshep ca>
* gnumeric.xml: update the statistical analysis tools intro
* analysis-statistical.xml: restructure to match the new menu
structure
* doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png: updated to show the
new menu structure
doc/C/ChangeLog | 8 +
doc/C/analysis-statistical.xml | 2392 +++++++++++++++++----------------
doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png | Bin 83884 -> 100296 bytes
doc/C/gnumeric.xml | 11 +-
4 files changed, 1230 insertions(+), 1181 deletions(-)
---
diff --git a/doc/C/ChangeLog b/doc/C/ChangeLog
index a6072ba..2ef0ebe 100644
--- a/doc/C/ChangeLog
+++ b/doc/C/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+2010-08-29 Andreas J. Guelzow <aguelzow pyrshep ca>
+
+ * gnumeric.xml: update the statistical analysis tools intro
+ * analysis-statistical.xml: restructure to match the new menu
+ structure
+ * doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png: updated to show the
+ ew menu structure
+
2010-08-16 Morten Welinder <terra gnome org>
* Release 1.10.9
diff --git a/doc/C/analysis-statistical.xml b/doc/C/analysis-statistical.xml
index e7b8e59..bc9565f 100644
--- a/doc/C/analysis-statistical.xml
+++ b/doc/C/analysis-statistical.xml
@@ -95,215 +95,9 @@
</sect1>
-
-
-<sect1 id="anova">
- <title>Analysis of Variance</title>
-
- <sect2 id="anova-single-factor-tool">
- <title>ANOVA: Single Factor Tool</title>
-
- <para>
- Use this tool to perform a single factor analysis of the
- variances of given variables. The variables are specified by
- the <quote><guilabel>Input Range:</guilabel></quote> entry.
- The given range can be grouped into the variables either by
- columns, by rows or by areas. The
- <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
- significance level which is by default 5%.
- </para>
-
- <para>If the first row or first column of the given range, or the
- first field of each area contains labels, select the <quote><guibutton>Labels
- </guibutton></quote> option. The names of
- the variables will be included in the output table.</para>
-
- <para>The results of this analysis of variance are presented in
- a standard ANOVA table. The <quote><guilabel>F critical</guilabel></quote>
- value is the largest value of F that is statistically significant
- using the given significance level (<quote><guilabel>Alpha</guilabel></quote>).</para>
-
- <para>This tool also calculates the count, sum, average,
- and the variance of each variable.</para>
-
- <figure id="anova-one-factor-tool-ex1">
- <title>1-factor ANOVA Dialog and Example Data</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA1-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of a multilevel single factor ANOVA
- analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-<example id="usinganovaonefactortool">
- <title>Using the single factor ANOVA</title>
- <para>See <xref linkend="anova-one-factor-tool-ex1" /> for an example
- of a completed dialog and <xref
- linkend="anova-one-factor-tool-ex2" />
- for the corresponding output.
- </para>
- </example>
- <figure id="anova-one-factor-tool-ex2">
- <title>Output From a 1-factor ANOVA</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA1-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from a multilevel single
- factor ANOVA analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
-
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="anova-two-factor-tool">
- <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor Tool</title>
-
- <para>&gnum; can perform two factor fixed effects ANOVAs with and
- without replication. The same dialog is used and the
- appropriate tool is selected depending on whether the number of rows
- per sample is 1 or larger than 1.</para>
-
- <sect3 id="anova-two-factor-without-tool">
- <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor Without Replication Tool</title>
-
- <para>If the number of rows per sample is given as 1, &gnum;
- performs a two factor fixed effects ANOVA without replication. Each
- column of the input range is interpreted as a level of the first
- factor while each row is interpreted as a level of the second factor.
- </para>
- <para>The first row and column of the range may contain labels for
- these levels. In this case the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should be selected.
- </para>
- <para> The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
- significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
- <example id="usinganovatwofactorwotool">
- <title>Using the 2-factor ANOVA Without Replication Tool</title>
- <para>See <xref linkend="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex1" /> for an example
- of a completed dialog and <xref
- linkend="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex2" />
- for the corresponding output.
- </para>
- </example>
- <figure id="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex1">
- <title>2-factor ANOVA Without Replication Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2wo-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of a two factor ANOVA without
- replication analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <figure id="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex2">
- <title>Output From a 2-factor ANOVA Without Replication</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2wo-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from a two factor ANOVA without
- replication analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="anova-two-factor-with-tool">
- <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor With Replication Tool</title>
- <para>If the number of rows per sample is larger than 1, &gnum;
- performs a two factor fixed effects ANOVA with replication. Each
- column of the input range is interpreted as a level of the first
- factor while groups of rows (the number of rows in each group given
- by the <quote><guilabel>number of rows per sample</guilabel></quote> value) are interpreted as levels
- of the second factor.
- </para>
- <para>The first row and column of the range may contain labels for
- these levels. In this case the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should be selected.
- </para>
- <para> The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
- significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
- <para>See <xref linkend="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex1" /> for an example
- of a completed dialog and <xref
- linkend="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex2" />
- for the corresponding output.
- </para>
- <figure id="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex1">
- <title>2-factor ANOVA With Replication Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2w-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of a two factor ANOVA with replication
- analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <figure id="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex2">
- <title>Output From a 2-factor ANOVA With Replication</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2w-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from a two factor ANOVA
- with replication analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>&gnum; will estimate missing
- values for each level combination as the mean of the existing
- values in that combination. The degrees of freedom are adjusted
- appropriately. </para>
-
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
-
-</sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="chi-square-tool">
- <title>Tests for a Contingency Table</title>
-
- <sect2 id="homogeneity-tool">
- <title>Test of Homogeneity</title>
- <para></para>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="independence-tool">
- <title>Test of Independence</title>
- <para></para>
- </sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="correlation-tool">
+<sect1 id="descriptive_statistics">
+ <title>Descriptive Statistics</title>
+ <sect2 id="correlation-tool">
<title>Correlation Tool</title>
<figure id="correlation-tool-dialog">
@@ -412,9 +206,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
- <sect1 id="covariance-tool">
+ <sect2 id="covariance-tool">
<title>Covariance Tool</title>
<figure id="covariance-tool-dialog">
@@ -508,10 +302,10 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
- <sect1 id="descriptive-statistics-tool">
+ <sect2 id="descriptive-statistics-tool">
<title>Descriptive Statistics Tool</title>
<figure id="descriptive-statistics-tool-dialog">
@@ -623,11 +417,836 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="frequencies-tools">
+ <title>Frequency Tables</title>
+ <para>
+ &gnum; provides two types of frequencies tables:
+ </para>
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The frequency table tools is primarily useful for non-numeric data
+ (data of nominal and ordinal level of measurement). It allows to determine
+ frequencies for given values.
+ </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para> The histogram tool is useful for numeric data that is supposed to be
+ classified into a certain number of intervals. These intervals can be either
+ specified or calculated.
+ </para></listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ <sect3 id="frequency-tool">
+ <title>Frequency Tables Tool</title>
+
+ <sect4 id="frequency-tool-intro">
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+ <para> The frequency tool can be used to create frequency tables for
+ non-numerical data. It presents this table
+ numerically as well as graphically.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>
+ If your data are numeric and you want to accumulate whole intervals of values into
+ frequency counts then this tool is not appropriate. In that case you may
+ want to use the histogram table tool described in section <xref linkend="histogram-tool" />.
+ </para></note>
+
+ <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog">
+ <title>Frequency Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ frequency tables open to the "Input" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>As shown in <xref linkend="frequency-tool-dialog" />, the
+ frequency table dialog has four tabs. We will introduce them in
+ sequence.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="frequency-tool-inputtab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+
+ <para>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab shown in
+ <xref linkend="frequency-tool-dialog" /> contains
+ the field specifying the data to be used for the
+ histogram.</para>
+ <para>
+ The <quote><guilabel>Input Range</guilabel></quote> entry
+ contains a single range or a list of ranges, that can be grouped
+ into variables by rows, columns, or areas.
+ </para>
+ <para>If the first row or column of the given input ranges, or
+ the first field of each area contains labels, the
+ <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should
+ be selected.
+ If the input is grouped by areas and the top left cell contains a label, the
+ other cells in the first row are being ignored.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="frequency-tool-catstab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Categories</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+
+ <para>The <quote><guilabel>Categories</guilabel></quote> tab permits the specification
+ of a range that contains the possible values that are supposed to be counted in the
+ input range.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>The <quote><guilabel>automatic categories</guilabel></quote> option is
+ disabled since it is not yet implemented.
+ </para></note>
+
+ <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog-cats">
+ <title>Frequency Tool Dialog Categories Tab</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-cats.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ frequency tables open to the "Categories" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect4>
+
+
+ <sect4 id="frequency-tool-optionstab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+
+ <para>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> tab allows various
+ options to be set. In the top half of the tab you can choose whether you would like
+ a graph to be created. If you choose to have a graph created you can specify whether
+ you would like to see a bar chart or a column chart.
+ </para>
+ <para>In the bottom part of the tab you
+ can select the <quote><guilabel>percentages</guilabel></quote> option. This option
+ replaces the frequency counts with percentages.
+ </para>
+ <note><para>If the categories range contains repeated values, then the percentages may
+ add up to more than 100%. If the the categories range does not contain all values that
+ occur in the input range, the percentages may sum to less than 100%.
+ </para></note>
+ <para>The <quote><guilabel>Use exact comparisons</guilabel></quote> checkbox determines how
+ category values and input range values are compared. If it is checked then the function
+ <function>EXACT</function> is used for the comparison. If it isn't checked then simple
+ equality is used. In this latter case, empty cells and cells containing the numerical
+ value 0 are considered equal. As a consequence you usually want that checkbox to be selected.
+ </para>
+
+
+ <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog-graphs">
+ <title>Frequency Tool Dialog Graphs & Options Tab</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-graphs.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ frequency tables open to the "Graphs & Options" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect4>
+
+
+ <sect4 id="frequency-tool-results-sect">
+ <title>Frequency Tool Results</title>
+ <figure id="frequency-tool-results">
+ <title>Frequency Tool Results</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-results.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>Sample results of the frequencies tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="histogram-tool">
+ <title>Histogram Tool</title>
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-intro">
+ <title>Introduction</title>
+
+
+ <para> The histogram tool can be used to create histograms or frequency tables for
+ numerical data. Using this tool you can define intervals, or <quote>bins</quote>.
+ The tool determines how many data points belong to each bin and presents this number
+ numerically as well as graphically.
+ </para>
+
+ <note><para>
+ If your data are non-numeric this tool is not appropriate. In that case you may
+ want to use the frequency table tool described in section <xref linkend="frequency-tool" />.
+ </para></note>
+
+ <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog">
+ <title>Histogram Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ histograms open to the "Input" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>As shown in <xref linkend="histogram-tool-dialog" />, the
+ histogram dialog has five tabs. We will introduce them in
+ sequence.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-inputtab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+
+ <para>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab shown in
+ <xref linkend="histogram-tool-dialog" /> contains
+ the field specifying the data to be used for the
+ histogram.</para>
+ <para>
+ The <quote><guilabel>Input Range</guilabel></quote> entry
+ contains a single range or a list of ranges, that can be grouped
+ into variables by rows, columns, or areas.
+ </para>
+ <para>If the first row or column of the given input ranges, or
+ the first field of each area contains labels, the
+ <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should
+ be selected.
+ If the input is grouped by areas and the top left cell contains a label, the
+ other cells in the first row are being ignored.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-cutoffsstab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+ <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-cutoffs">
+ <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-cutoffs.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ histograms open to the "Cutoffs" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>The cutoffs for the histogram can either be predetermined by data
+ contained in your workbook or calculated by the histogram tool. These cutoffs
+ determine bins as defined
+ by the selection on the <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> tab.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Select the <quote><guilabel>Predetermined Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> option to specify
+ data on your worksheet in the <quote><guilabel>Cutoff Range:</guilabel></quote> entry. The
+ values in this range will be used as cutoffs <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter>,
+ <parameter>c<subscript>2</subscript></parameter>, and so on
+ to <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter>.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>Select the <quote><guilabel>Calculated Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> option to have the
+ cutoffs determined by the tool. Enter the desired number of cutoffs in the
+ <quote><guilabel>Number of Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> entry. It is strongly recommended
+ (but optional) that you
+ specify the minimum and maximum cutoffs in the <quote><guilabel>Minimum cutoff</guilabel></quote>
+ and <quote><guilabel>Maximum cutoff</guilabel></quote> entries. If the minimum or maximum
+ cutoff is not specified, the tool will use the minimum and/or maximum of the current data.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-binstab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+ <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-bins">
+ <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Bins Tab</guilabel></quote></title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-bins.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ histograms open to the "Bins" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para> The bins tab is used to determine how the cutoffs <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter>,
+ <parameter>c<subscript>2</subscript></parameter>, and so on
+ to <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter> are translated into bins. Specifically,
+ it has to be determined whether first and/or last bins reaching from −∞ to
+ <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter> and from
+ <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter> to ∞ are added and whether data points that much
+ cutoffs exactly are included in the bin to the right or the left.
+ </para>
+ <para> For example the option
+ <quote><guilabel>[∙,∙),[∙,∙),⋯,
+ [∙,∙),[∙,∞)
+ </guilabel></quote>
+ indicates that the first bin starts at the first cutoff while the last bin ends at ∞. Moreover,
+ each cutoff value belongs to the bin on its right.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-optionstab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+ <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-options">
+ <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options Tab</guilabel></quote></title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-graphs.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
+ histograms open to the "Graphs & Options" tab.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para> The options in the graphs and options tab specify any graph to be created and modify
+ the appearance of the histogram:</para>
+
+ <itemizedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>No chart</guibutton></quote> option causes the chart to be omitted.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>Bar chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a bar chart to be
+ added to the histogram. For each bin, the bar chart shows a horizontal bar indicating the frequency.
+ </para>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>Column chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a column chart to be
+ added to the histogram. For each bin, the column chart shows a vertical bar indicating the frequency.
+ </para>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>Histogram chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a histogram chart to be
+ added to the histogram. For each bin, the histogram chart shows a vertical bar indicating the density
+ (that is the frequency divided by the width of the bin).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>Percentages</guibutton></quote> option causes the frequencies to be
+ expressed as percentages.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para> The <quote><guibutton>Cumulative percentages</guibutton></quote> option causes a cumulative
+ frequency table to be created.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </itemizedlist>
+
+ </sect4>
+
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-outputtab">
+ <title>The <quote><guilabel>Output</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
+
+ <para>
+ The Output tab contains the standard output options and fields
+ described in <xref
+ linkend="sect-stat-analysis-overview" />.
+ </para>
+ </sect4>
+
+
+ <sect4 id="histogram-tool-example">
+ <title>A Histogram Example</title>
+
+ <figure id="histogram-example-1">
+ <title>Some Example Data</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of some example data for use with the
+ histogram tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <example id="usinghistogramtool">
+ <title>Using the Histogram Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ For example, you want to calculate a histogram for the number of
+ successes in several sequences of trials. The numbers of
+ successes are recorded in column A and the cutoffs of interest
+ in column C (see <xref linkend="histogram-example-1" />).
+ </para>
+
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Enter A1:A31 in the <quote><guilabel>Input
+ Range:</guilabel></quote> entry of the
+ <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab by typing
+ this directly into the entry or clicking in the entry
+ field and then selecting that range on the sheet. In the
+ latter case the entry may also contain the sheet
+ name.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ Since you only have one variable select the
+ <quote><guibutton>Areas</guibutton></quote> or
+ <quote><guibutton>Columns</guibutton></quote> radio button
+ next to <quote><guilabel>Grouped By:</guilabel></quote>.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Select the
+ <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option
+ since the first cell of the Input Range contains a
+ label.</para>
+ </listitem>
+
+ <listitem><para> Enter C2:C5 in
+ the <quote><guilabel>Cutoff Range:</guilabel></quote> entry
+ of the <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> tab. The
+ <quote><guilabel>Predetermined Cutoffs</guilabel></quote>
+ option will now also be selected (see <xref
+ linkend="histogram-example-2" />). </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para> In the <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> tab
+ select the second option since we want to add two bins reaching to ∓∞ and
+ we want to count each cutoff value in the bin to its right (see <xref
+ linkend="histogram-example-3" />).</para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Select the
+ <quote><guibutton>Percentage</guibutton></quote> option of the
+ <quote><guilabel>Graphs &Options</guilabel></quote> tab to have
+ the frequencies expressed as percentages.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Select the
+ <quote><guibutton>Column Chart</guibutton></quote> option of the
+ <quote><guilabel>Graphs &Options</guilabel></quote> tab to have
+ a column chart added to the histogram (see <xref
+ linkend="histogram-example-4" />).
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem>
+ <para>
+ In the <quote><guilabel>Output</guilabel></quote> tab,
+ specify the output options as described in
+ <xref linkend="sect-stat-analysis-overview" />.
+ </para>
+ </listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Press the OK button. </para>
+ </listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+ <para> The results are shown in
+ <xref linkend="histogram-example-5" />. Note that the graph will by default appear on top
+ of the histogram table. It usually needs to be moved in to proper position. That has
+ already been done here.
+ </para>
+ </example>
+
+
+ <figure id="histogram-example-2">
+ <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Cutoffs</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of selecting the cutoffs for the example
+ data used with the histogram tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure id="histogram-example-3">
+ <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Bins</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex3.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of selecting a certain bins type.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure id="histogram-example-4">
+ <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Options</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex4.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of specifying the required options.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <figure id="histogram-example-5">
+ <title>Histogram Tool Output</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex5.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from the histogram
+ analysis tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="rank-and-percentile-tool">
+ <title>Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
+
+ <figure id="rank-and-percentile-tool-dialog">
+ <title>Rank and Percentile Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the rank and percentile analysis
+ tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>Use this tool to rank given data and to calculate the
+ percentiles of each data point.</para>
+ <para>Specify the datasets to use in the <quote><guilabel>Input
+ Range:</guilabel></quote> entry.
+ The given range can be grouped into datasets by columns, by rows, or by areas.</para>
+
+ <para>For each dataset, the tool creates three columns in the
+ output table:</para>
+ <orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>The first column gives the indices of the
+ ordered data from largest to smallest data value.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The second column
+ gives data values corresponding to the indices in the first column.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>The third column indicates
+ the percentile of the data value in the second column.</para></listitem>
+ </orderedlist>
+
+ <para>If you have labels
+ in the first cell of each data set, select the
+ <quote><guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
+
+ <figure id="rank-example-1">
+ <title>Some Example Data for the Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of example data for use with the rank
+ and percentile analysis tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <example id="usingranktool"><title>Using the Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
+ <para><xref linkend="rank-example-1" /> shows some example data and
+ <xref linkend="rank-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+</example>
+ <figure id="rank-example-2">
+ <title>Rank and Percentile Tool Output</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from a rank and
+ percentile analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <note><para>In the case of ties, the rank calculated by this tool differs from the
+ value of the RANK function for the same data. This tool calculates the rank as it is
+ normally used in Statistics: If two values are tied, the assigned rank is the average
+ rank for those entries. For example in <xref
+ linkend="rank-example-1" /> the two values 10
+ are the second and third largest values. Since they are equal each receives the rank of
+ 2.5, the average of 2 and 3. The rank function on the other hand assigns the rank as it
+ is normally used to determine placements. The two values 10 would therefore each receive
+ a rank of 2.
+ </para></note>
+ </sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="regression-tool">
+ <title>Regression Tool</title>
+ <figure id="regression-tool-dialog">
+ <title>Regression Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the regression tool dialog.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <para>The regression tool performs a multiple regression analysis.</para>
+ <para>Enter a range or list of ranges containing the independent variables
+ into the <quote><guilabel>X Variables:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
+ <para>Enter a single range containing the dependent variable into the
+ <quote><guilabel>Y Variable:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
+ <para>If the ranges for the independent and dependent variables also contains
+ labels in the first field of each row, column or area, select the <quote>
+ <guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
+ <para> Specify the confidence level in the <quote><guilabel>Confidence
+ Level:</guilabel></quote> entry. The default is 95%.</para>
+ <para>To force the regression line or plane to pass through the origin, select the
+ <quote><guilabel>Force Intercept To Be Zero</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
+ <para>Specify the output options as described above. If the output is directed
+ into a specific output range, that
+ range should contain at least seven columns and 17 rows more than there are
+ independent variables.</para>
+
+ <figure id="regression-example-1">
+ <title>Regression Example Data</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of example data for use with the
+ regression tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <example id="usingregressiontool">
+ <title>Using the Regression Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Suppose you want to perform a regression analysis on the data
+ given in <xref linkend="regression-example-1" /> using
+ <parameter>v</parameter> and <parameter>y</parameter> as
+ independent variables and <parameter>u</parameter> as dependent
+ variable.</para>
+<orderedlist>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Enter B1:C11 in the <quote><guilabel>X Variables:</guilabel></quote>
+ entry by typing
+ this directly into the entry or clicking in the entry field and
+ then selecting the range on the sheet.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para>
+ Enter A1:A11 in the <quote><guilabel>Y Variable:</guilabel></quote>
+ entry. </para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Select the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote>
+ option since the first row contains labels. (see
+ <xref linkend="regression-example-2" />).</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Specify the output
+ options as described above.</para></listitem>
+ <listitem><para> Press the OK button. </para></listitem>
+</orderedlist>
+ <para> The output of this regression analysis is shown in
+ <xref linkend="regression-example-3" />.</para>
+ </example>
+ <figure id="regression-example-2">
+ <title>Completed Regression Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the regression tool dialog with the
+ required fields completed.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <figure id="regression-example-3">
+ <title>Regression Tool Output</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex3.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from a regression
+ analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+ <sect1 id="sampling-tool">
+ <title>Sampling Tool</title>
+ <figure>
+ <title>Sampling Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the sampling tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <para>Use the sampling tool to take a sample of a data set. This
+ tool can take both a random sample of a given size or a periodic
+ sample:</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term>random sample</term>
+ <listitem><para>A random sample is a subset of the population such that
+ every subset of that size has the same chance of being picked.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term>periodic sample</term>
+ <listitem><para>In a periodic sample every <parameter>k</parameter>th element in
+ the population is selected.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>To use this tool, first specify the data set or data sets by setting the
+ <quote><guilabel>Input Range:</guilabel></quote> entry. The range or ranges
+ given can be grouped into datasets by rows, by columns, or by areas.</para>
+ <para>If the first entry in each data set contains a variable, select the
+ <quote><guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
+
+ <para>Select the sampling method which
+ can be either periodic or random.</para>
+ <variablelist>
+ <varlistentry><term>random sample</term>
+ <listitem><para>Specify the size of the random sample in the <quote><guilabel>Size
+ of Sample:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ <varlistentry><term>periodic sample</term>
+ <listitem><para>Specify the period in the <quote><guilabel>Period:</guilabel></quote>
+ entry.</para></listitem>
+ </varlistentry>
+ </variablelist>
+
+ <para>Specify the number of samples you would like to obtain in the <quote><guilabel>
+ Number of Samples:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
+ <note><para> Since the period uniquely determines a periodic sample, if you specify
+ that you would like 2 samples you will be given the identical sample twice.</para></note>
+ <note><para>If the dataset for a periodic sample is a two dimensional range, &gnum;
+ will enumerate the data points by row first.</para></note>
+
+ <figure id="sampling-example-1">
+ <title>Some Example Data for the Sampling Tool</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of example data for use with the
+ sampling tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <example id="usingsamplingtool"><title>Using the Sampling Tool</title>
+ <para><xref linkend="sampling-example-1" /> shows some example data and
+ <xref linkend="sampling-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+</example>
+ <figure id="sampling-example-2">
+ <title>Sampling Tool Output</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from the sampling
+ tool.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
</sect1>
- <sect1 id="forecast-tools">
+
+<sect1 id="dependent_observations">
+ <title>Dependent Observations</title>
+ <sect2 id="forecast-tools">
<title>Forecast Tools</title>
- <sect2 id="exp-smoothing-tool">
+ <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool">
<title>Exponential Smoothing Tool</title>
<figure id="smoothing-tool-dialog">
@@ -676,7 +1295,7 @@
page.
</para>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-common">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-common">
<title>Common Options of the Exponential Smoothing Tool</title>
<para>Specify the cells containing the datasets in the <quote><guilabel>Input
@@ -692,9 +1311,9 @@
will also create a chart showing both the data and corresponding smoothed
values.
</para>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-hunter">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-hunter">
<title>Exponential Smoothing According to Hunter</title>
<para> Each value in the
@@ -811,9 +1430,9 @@
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-roberts">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-roberts">
<title>Exponential Smoothing According to Roberts</title>
<para>The simple exponential smoothing method according to Roberts is used for
@@ -905,9 +1524,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-holt">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-holt">
<title>Holt's Trend Corrected Exponential Smoothing</title>
<para>Holt's trend corrected exponential smoothing is appropriate when both the level and the growth rate of a time series are changing. (If the time series has a fixed growth rate and therefore exhibits a linear trend, a linear regression model is more appropriate.)
@@ -1007,10 +1626,10 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-additive-holt-winters">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-additive-holt-winters">
<title>Additive Holt-Winters Method</title>
<para>The additive Holt-Winters method of exponential smoothing is appropriate when a time
@@ -1141,9 +1760,9 @@
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="exp-smoothing-tool-multiplicative-holt-winters">
+ <sect4 id="exp-smoothing-tool-multiplicative-holt-winters">
<title>Multiplicative Holt-Winters Method</title>
<para>The multiplicative Holt-Winters method of exponential smoothing is appropriate when a time
@@ -1255,10 +1874,10 @@
</screenshot>
</figure>
+ </sect4>
</sect3>
- </sect2>
- <sect2 id="moving-average-tool">
+ <sect3 id="moving-average-tool">
<title>Moving Average Tool</title>
<figure id="moving-tool-dialog">
@@ -1405,20 +2024,20 @@
input range.
</para>
- <sect3 id="moving-averages-simple">
+ <sect4 id="moving-averages-simple">
<title>Simple Moving Average</title>
<para>
A simple moving average is the unweighted average of a collection of
observations. Exactly which observations are included depends on whether
a prior or central moving average is calculated.
</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3 id="moving-averages-cumulative">
+ </sect4>
+ <sect4 id="moving-averages-cumulative">
<title>Cumulative Moving Average</title>
<para>A cumulative moving average is a prior moving average in which the current
and all prior observations are included.</para>
- </sect3>
- <sect3 id="moving-averages-weighted">
+ </sect4>
+ <sect4 id="moving-averages-weighted">
<title>Weighted Moving Average</title>
<para>A weighted moving average with an interval <parameter>i</parameter> is a prior
moving average calculated according to formula
@@ -1445,10 +2064,10 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="moving-averages-spencer">
+ <sect4 id="moving-averages-spencer">
<title>Spencer's 15 Point Moving Average</title>
<para>Spencer's 15 point moving average is a central moving average calculated
according to formula
@@ -1473,9 +2092,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
- <sect3 id="moving-averages-example">
+ <sect4 id="moving-averages-example">
<title>A Moving Average Example</title>
<figure id="moving-example-1">
<title>Some Example Data for the Moving Average Tool</title>
@@ -1528,11 +2147,11 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect3>
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
</sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="fourier-analysis-tool">
+ <sect2 id="fourier-analysis-tool">
<title>Fourier Analysis Tool</title>
<figure id="fourier-tool-dialog">
@@ -1602,630 +2221,13 @@
and it uses a scaling factor of
<parameter>1/SQRT(N)</parameter> rather than
<parameter>1/N</parameter>.</para></note>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="ftest-two-sample-for-variances-tool">
- <title>F-Test: Two-Sample for Variances Tool</title>
-
- <figure id="ftest-tool-dialog">
- <title>F-Test Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog for an F-test analysis of
- the equality of two variances.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <para>Use the F-Test tool to test whether two population
- variances are different against the null hypothesis that
- they are not.</para>
-
- <para>Specify the variables in the <quote><guilabel>Variable 1 Range:</guilabel></quote>
- and <quote><guilabel>Variable 2 Range:</guilabel></quote> entries. The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote>
- entry contains the
- significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
-
- <para>If the first field of each range contains labels,
- select the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option. The names of
- the variables will be included in the output table.</para>
-
- <para>The results are given in a table. This table contains
- the mean, variance, count of observations and the degree
- of freedom for both variables. The output table also includes the F-value,
- the one-tailed probability for the F-value, and the F Critical
- value for one-tailed test and the corresponding values for a two
- tailed test. The one-tailed probability for the
- F-value (<quote><guilabel>P(F<=f) one-tail</guilabel></quote> row) is the probability of making a
- Type I error in the one-tailed test. Similarly, the two-tailed
- probability for the F-value (<quote><guilabel>P two-tail</guilabel></quote> row)
- is the probability of making a Type I error in the two-tailed test.
- Since in the two-tailed F-Test both critical values are positive, the
- <quote><guilabel>F Critical two-tail</guilabel></quote> row contains two numbers.</para>
-
- <para>If the output is directed into a specific output range, that
- range should contain at least three columns and eight rows.</para>
-
- <figure id="ftest-example-1">
- <title>Some Example Data</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of some example data for an F-test of
- the equality of two variances.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <example id="usingftesttool"><title>Using the F-Test Tool</title>
- <para><xref linkend="ftest-example-1" /> shows some example data and
- <xref linkend="ftest-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
- </para>
-</example>
- <figure id="ftest-example-2">
- <title>F-Test Tool Output</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output of an F-test analysis of
- the equality of two variances.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="frequencies-tools">
- <title>Frequency Tables</title>
- <para>
- &gnum; provides two types of frequencies tables:
- </para>
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem><para>The frequency table tools is primarily useful for non-numeric data
- (data of nominal and ordinal level of measurement). It allows to determine
- frequencies for given values.
- </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para> The histogram tool is useful for numeric data that is supposed to be
- classified into a certain number of intervals. These intervals can be either
- specified or calculated.
- </para></listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- <sect2 id="frequency-tool">
- <title>Frequency Tables Tool</title>
-
- <sect3 id="frequency-tool-intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
-
- <para> The frequency tool can be used to create frequency tables for
- non-numerical data. It presents this table
- numerically as well as graphically.
- </para>
-
- <note><para>
- If your data are numeric and you want to accumulate whole intervals of values into
- frequency counts then this tool is not appropriate. In that case you may
- want to use the histogram table tool described in section <xref linkend="histogram-tool" />.
- </para></note>
-
- <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog">
- <title>Frequency Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- frequency tables open to the "Input" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>As shown in <xref linkend="frequency-tool-dialog" />, the
- frequency table dialog has four tabs. We will introduce them in
- sequence.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="frequency-tool-inputtab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
-
- <para>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab shown in
- <xref linkend="frequency-tool-dialog" /> contains
- the field specifying the data to be used for the
- histogram.</para>
- <para>
- The <quote><guilabel>Input Range</guilabel></quote> entry
- contains a single range or a list of ranges, that can be grouped
- into variables by rows, columns, or areas.
- </para>
- <para>If the first row or column of the given input ranges, or
- the first field of each area contains labels, the
- <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should
- be selected.
- If the input is grouped by areas and the top left cell contains a label, the
- other cells in the first row are being ignored.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="frequency-tool-catstab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Categories</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
-
- <para>The <quote><guilabel>Categories</guilabel></quote> tab permits the specification
- of a range that contains the possible values that are supposed to be counted in the
- input range.
- </para>
-
- <note><para>The <quote><guilabel>automatic categories</guilabel></quote> option is
- disabled since it is not yet implemented.
- </para></note>
-
- <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog-cats">
- <title>Frequency Tool Dialog Categories Tab</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-cats.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- frequency tables open to the "Categories" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect3>
-
-
- <sect3 id="frequency-tool-optionstab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
-
- <para>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> tab allows various
- options to be set. In the top half of the tab you can choose whether you would like
- a graph to be created. If you choose to have a graph created you can specify whether
- you would like to see a bar chart or a column chart.
- </para>
- <para>In the bottom part of the tab you
- can select the <quote><guilabel>percentages</guilabel></quote> option. This option
- replaces the frequency counts with percentages.
- </para>
- <note><para>If the categories range contains repeated values, then the percentages may
- add up to more than 100%. If the the categories range does not contain all values that
- occur in the input range, the percentages may sum to less than 100%.
- </para></note>
- <para>The <quote><guilabel>Use exact comparisons</guilabel></quote> checkbox determines how
- category values and input range values are compared. If it is checked then the function
- <function>EXACT</function> is used for the comparison. If it isn't checked then simple
- equality is used. In this latter case, empty cells and cells containing the numerical
- value 0 are considered equal. As a consequence you usually want that checkbox to be selected.
- </para>
-
-
- <figure id="frequency-tool-dialog-graphs">
- <title>Frequency Tool Dialog Graphs & Options Tab</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-graphs.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- frequency tables open to the "Graphs & Options" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect3>
-
-
- <sect3 id="frequency-tool-results-sect">
- <title>Frequency Tool Results</title>
- <figure id="frequency-tool-results">
- <title>Frequency Tool Results</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-frequency-results.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>Sample results of the frequencies tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect3>
- </sect2>
-
- <sect2 id="histogram-tool">
- <title>Histogram Tool</title>
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-intro">
- <title>Introduction</title>
-
-
- <para> The histogram tool can be used to create histograms or frequency tables for
- numerical data. Using this tool you can define intervals, or <quote>bins</quote>.
- The tool determines how many data points belong to each bin and presents this number
- numerically as well as graphically.
- </para>
-
- <note><para>
- If your data are non-numeric this tool is not appropriate. In that case you may
- want to use the frequency table tool described in section <xref linkend="frequency-tool" />.
- </para></note>
-
- <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog">
- <title>Histogram Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- histograms open to the "Input" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>As shown in <xref linkend="histogram-tool-dialog" />, the
- histogram dialog has five tabs. We will introduce them in
- sequence.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-inputtab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
-
- <para>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab shown in
- <xref linkend="histogram-tool-dialog" /> contains
- the field specifying the data to be used for the
- histogram.</para>
- <para>
- The <quote><guilabel>Input Range</guilabel></quote> entry
- contains a single range or a list of ranges, that can be grouped
- into variables by rows, columns, or areas.
- </para>
- <para>If the first row or column of the given input ranges, or
- the first field of each area contains labels, the
- <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should
- be selected.
- If the input is grouped by areas and the top left cell contains a label, the
- other cells in the first row are being ignored.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-cutoffsstab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
- <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-cutoffs">
- <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-cutoffs.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- histograms open to the "Cutoffs" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>The cutoffs for the histogram can either be predetermined by data
- contained in your workbook or calculated by the histogram tool. These cutoffs
- determine bins as defined
- by the selection on the <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> tab.
- </para>
-
- <para>Select the <quote><guilabel>Predetermined Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> option to specify
- data on your worksheet in the <quote><guilabel>Cutoff Range:</guilabel></quote> entry. The
- values in this range will be used as cutoffs <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter>,
- <parameter>c<subscript>2</subscript></parameter>, and so on
- to <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter>.
- </para>
-
- <para>Select the <quote><guilabel>Calculated Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> option to have the
- cutoffs determined by the tool. Enter the desired number of cutoffs in the
- <quote><guilabel>Number of Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> entry. It is strongly recommended
- (but optional) that you
- specify the minimum and maximum cutoffs in the <quote><guilabel>Minimum cutoff</guilabel></quote>
- and <quote><guilabel>Maximum cutoff</guilabel></quote> entries. If the minimum or maximum
- cutoff is not specified, the tool will use the minimum and/or maximum of the current data.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-binstab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
- <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-bins">
- <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Bins Tab</guilabel></quote></title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-bins.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- histograms open to the "Bins" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para> The bins tab is used to determine how the cutoffs <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter>,
- <parameter>c<subscript>2</subscript></parameter>, and so on
- to <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter> are translated into bins. Specifically,
- it has to be determined whether first and/or last bins reaching from −∞ to
- <parameter>c<subscript>1</subscript></parameter> and from
- <parameter>c<subscript>n</subscript></parameter> to ∞ are added and whether data points that much
- cutoffs exactly are included in the bin to the right or the left.
- </para>
- <para> For example the option
- <quote><guilabel>[∙,∙),[∙,∙),⋯,
- [∙,∙),[∙,∞)
- </guilabel></quote>
- indicates that the first bin starts at the first cutoff while the last bin ends at ∞. Moreover,
- each cutoff value belongs to the bin on its right.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-optionstab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
- <figure id="histogram-tool-dialog-options">
- <title>Histogram Tool Dialog <quote><guilabel>Graphs & Options Tab</guilabel></quote></title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-graphs.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the dialog to generate various
- histograms open to the "Graphs & Options" tab.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para> The options in the graphs and options tab specify any graph to be created and modify
- the appearance of the histogram:</para>
-
- <itemizedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>No chart</guibutton></quote> option causes the chart to be omitted.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>Bar chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a bar chart to be
- added to the histogram. For each bin, the bar chart shows a horizontal bar indicating the frequency.
- </para>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>Column chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a column chart to be
- added to the histogram. For each bin, the column chart shows a vertical bar indicating the frequency.
- </para>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>Histogram chart</guibutton></quote> option causes a histogram chart to be
- added to the histogram. For each bin, the histogram chart shows a vertical bar indicating the density
- (that is the frequency divided by the width of the bin).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>Percentages</guibutton></quote> option causes the frequencies to be
- expressed as percentages.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para> The <quote><guibutton>Cumulative percentages</guibutton></quote> option causes a cumulative
- frequency table to be created.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- </itemizedlist>
-
- </sect3>
-
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-outputtab">
- <title>The <quote><guilabel>Output</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
-
- <para>
- The Output tab contains the standard output options and fields
- described in <xref
- linkend="sect-stat-analysis-overview" />.
- </para>
- </sect3>
-
-
- <sect3 id="histogram-tool-example">
- <title>A Histogram Example</title>
-
- <figure id="histogram-example-1">
- <title>Some Example Data</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of some example data for use with the
- histogram tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <example id="usinghistogramtool">
- <title>Using the Histogram Tool</title>
-
- <para>
- For example, you want to calculate a histogram for the number of
- successes in several sequences of trials. The numbers of
- successes are recorded in column A and the cutoffs of interest
- in column C (see <xref linkend="histogram-example-1" />).
- </para>
-
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Enter A1:A31 in the <quote><guilabel>Input
- Range:</guilabel></quote> entry of the
- <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab by typing
- this directly into the entry or clicking in the entry
- field and then selecting that range on the sheet. In the
- latter case the entry may also contain the sheet
- name.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- Since you only have one variable select the
- <quote><guibutton>Areas</guibutton></quote> or
- <quote><guibutton>Columns</guibutton></quote> radio button
- next to <quote><guilabel>Grouped By:</guilabel></quote>.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para> Select the
- <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option
- since the first cell of the Input Range contains a
- label.</para>
- </listitem>
-
- <listitem><para> Enter C2:C5 in
- the <quote><guilabel>Cutoff Range:</guilabel></quote> entry
- of the <quote><guilabel>Cutoffs</guilabel></quote> tab. The
- <quote><guilabel>Predetermined Cutoffs</guilabel></quote>
- option will now also be selected (see <xref
- linkend="histogram-example-2" />). </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para> In the <quote><guilabel>Bins</guilabel></quote> tab
- select the second option since we want to add two bins reaching to ∓∞ and
- we want to count each cutoff value in the bin to its right (see <xref
- linkend="histogram-example-3" />).</para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para> Select the
- <quote><guibutton>Percentage</guibutton></quote> option of the
- <quote><guilabel>Graphs &Options</guilabel></quote> tab to have
- the frequencies expressed as percentages.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para> Select the
- <quote><guibutton>Column Chart</guibutton></quote> option of the
- <quote><guilabel>Graphs &Options</guilabel></quote> tab to have
- a column chart added to the histogram (see <xref
- linkend="histogram-example-4" />).
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem>
- <para>
- In the <quote><guilabel>Output</guilabel></quote> tab,
- specify the output options as described in
- <xref linkend="sect-stat-analysis-overview" />.
- </para>
- </listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- Press the OK button. </para>
- </listitem>
- </orderedlist>
- <para> The results are shown in
- <xref linkend="histogram-example-5" />. Note that the graph will by default appear on top
- of the histogram table. It usually needs to be moved in to proper position. That has
- already been done here.
- </para>
- </example>
-
-
- <figure id="histogram-example-2">
- <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Cutoffs</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of selecting the cutoffs for the example
- data used with the histogram tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <figure id="histogram-example-3">
- <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Bins</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex3.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of selecting a certain bins type.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <figure id="histogram-example-4">
- <title>Histogram Tool: Specifying Options</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex4.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of specifying the required options.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <figure id="histogram-example-5">
- <title>Histogram Tool Output</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-histogram-ex5.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from the histogram
- analysis tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect3>
</sect2>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="kaplan-meier-tool">
+ <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool">
<title>Kaplan Meier Estimates Tool</title>
<para/>
- <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool-inputtab">
+ <sect3 id="kaplan-meier-tool-inputtab">
<title>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
<para>The <quote><guilabel>Input</guilabel></quote> tab shown in
@@ -2253,9 +2255,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool-group-tab">
+ <sect3 id="kaplan-meier-tool-group-tab">
<title>The <quote><guilabel>Groups</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
<para>
@@ -2286,9 +2288,9 @@
</guilabel> buttons.
</para>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool-optionstab">
+ <sect3 id="kaplan-meier-tool-optionstab">
<title>The <quote><guilabel>Options</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
<para>The options tab of the Kaplan-Meier tools dialog is used to set
@@ -2309,18 +2311,18 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool-outputtab">
+ <sect3 id="kaplan-meier-tool-outputtab">
<title>The <quote><guilabel>Output</guilabel></quote> Tab</title>
<para>
The Output tab contains the standard output options and fields
described in <xref linkend="sect-stat-analysis-overview" />.
</para>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="kaplan-meier-tool-example">
+ <sect3 id="kaplan-meier-tool-example">
<title>A Kaplan-Meier Example</title>
<figure id="kaplan-meier-tool-example-1">
@@ -2412,321 +2414,47 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
-
-
-
+ </sect3>
</sect2>
-
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="normality-tool">
- <title>Normality Tests</title>
- <para></para>
- </sect1>
- <sect1 id="principal-component-tool">
+ <sect2 id="principal-component-tool">
<title>Principal Component Analysis</title>
<para></para>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="rank-and-percentile-tool">
- <title>Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
-
- <figure id="rank-and-percentile-tool-dialog">
- <title>Rank and Percentile Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the rank and percentile analysis
- tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <para>Use this tool to rank given data and to calculate the
- percentiles of each data point.</para>
- <para>Specify the datasets to use in the <quote><guilabel>Input
- Range:</guilabel></quote> entry.
- The given range can be grouped into datasets by columns, by rows, or by areas.</para>
-
- <para>For each dataset, the tool creates three columns in the
- output table:</para>
- <orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>The first column gives the indices of the
- ordered data from largest to smallest data value.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The second column
- gives data values corresponding to the indices in the first column.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>The third column indicates
- the percentile of the data value in the second column.</para></listitem>
- </orderedlist>
-
- <para>If you have labels
- in the first cell of each data set, select the
- <quote><guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
-
- <figure id="rank-example-1">
- <title>Some Example Data for the Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of example data for use with the rank
- and percentile analysis tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <example id="usingranktool"><title>Using the Rank and Percentile Tool</title>
- <para><xref linkend="rank-example-1" /> shows some example data and
- <xref linkend="rank-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
- </para>
-</example>
- <figure id="rank-example-2">
- <title>Rank and Percentile Tool Output</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-rank-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from a rank and
- percentile analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <note><para>In the case of ties, the rank calculated by this tool differs from the
- value of the RANK function for the same data. This tool calculates the rank as it is
- normally used in Statistics: If two values are tied, the assigned rank is the average
- rank for those entries. For example in <xref
- linkend="rank-example-1" /> the two values 10
- are the second and third largest values. Since they are equal each receives the rank of
- 2.5, the average of 2 and 3. The rank function on the other hand assigns the rank as it
- is normally used to determine placements. The two values 10 would therefore each receive
- a rank of 2.
- </para></note>
- </sect1>
-
- <sect1 id="regression-tool">
- <title>Regression Tool</title>
- <figure id="regression-tool-dialog">
- <title>Regression Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the regression tool dialog.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <para>The regression tool performs a multiple regression analysis.</para>
- <para>Enter a range or list of ranges containing the independent variables
- into the <quote><guilabel>X Variables:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
- <para>Enter a single range containing the dependent variable into the
- <quote><guilabel>Y Variable:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
- <para>If the ranges for the independent and dependent variables also contains
- labels in the first field of each row, column or area, select the <quote>
- <guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
- <para> Specify the confidence level in the <quote><guilabel>Confidence
- Level:</guilabel></quote> entry. The default is 95%.</para>
- <para>To force the regression line or plane to pass through the origin, select the
- <quote><guilabel>Force Intercept To Be Zero</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
- <para>Specify the output options as described above. If the output is directed
- into a specific output range, that
- range should contain at least seven columns and 17 rows more than there are
- independent variables.</para>
-
- <figure id="regression-example-1">
- <title>Regression Example Data</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of example data for use with the
- regression tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
-
- <example id="usingregressiontool">
- <title>Using the Regression Tool</title>
-
- <para>
- Suppose you want to perform a regression analysis on the data
- given in <xref linkend="regression-example-1" /> using
- <parameter>v</parameter> and <parameter>y</parameter> as
- independent variables and <parameter>u</parameter> as dependent
- variable.</para>
-<orderedlist>
- <listitem><para>
- Enter B1:C11 in the <quote><guilabel>X Variables:</guilabel></quote>
- entry by typing
- this directly into the entry or clicking in the entry field and
- then selecting the range on the sheet.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para>
- Enter A1:A11 in the <quote><guilabel>Y Variable:</guilabel></quote>
- entry. </para></listitem>
- <listitem><para> Select the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote>
- option since the first row contains labels. (see
- <xref linkend="regression-example-2" />).</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para> Specify the output
- options as described above.</para></listitem>
- <listitem><para> Press the OK button. </para></listitem>
-</orderedlist>
- <para> The output of this regression analysis is shown in
- <xref linkend="regression-example-3" />.</para>
- </example>
- <figure id="regression-example-2">
- <title>Completed Regression Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the regression tool dialog with the
- required fields completed.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <figure id="regression-example-3">
- <title>Regression Tool Output</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-regression-ex3.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from a regression
- analysis.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect1>
+ </sect2>
- <sect1 id="sampling-tool">
- <title>Sampling Tool</title>
- <figure>
- <title>Sampling Tool Dialog</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the sampling tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <para>Use the sampling tool to take a sample of a data set. This
- tool can take both a random sample of a given size or a periodic
- sample:</para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>random sample</term>
- <listitem><para>A random sample is a subset of the population such that
- every subset of that size has the same chance of being picked.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term>periodic sample</term>
- <listitem><para>In a periodic sample every <parameter>k</parameter>th element in
- the population is selected.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
+</sect1>
- <para>To use this tool, first specify the data set or data sets by setting the
- <quote><guilabel>Input Range:</guilabel></quote> entry. The range or ranges
- given can be grouped into datasets by rows, by columns, or by areas.</para>
- <para>If the first entry in each data set contains a variable, select the
- <quote><guilabel>Labels</guilabel></quote> option.</para>
+<sect1 id="one_sample_tests">
+ <title>One Sample Tests</title>
- <para>Select the sampling method which
- can be either periodic or random.</para>
- <variablelist>
- <varlistentry><term>random sample</term>
- <listitem><para>Specify the size of the random sample in the <quote><guilabel>Size
- of Sample:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- <varlistentry><term>periodic sample</term>
- <listitem><para>Specify the period in the <quote><guilabel>Period:</guilabel></quote>
- entry.</para></listitem>
- </varlistentry>
- </variablelist>
+ <sect2 id="normality-tool">
+ <title>Normality Tests</title>
+ <para></para>
+ </sect2>
- <para>Specify the number of samples you would like to obtain in the <quote><guilabel>
- Number of Samples:</guilabel></quote> entry.</para>
- <note><para> Since the period uniquely determines a periodic sample, if you specify
- that you would like 2 samples you will be given the identical sample twice.</para></note>
- <note><para>If the dataset for a periodic sample is a two dimensional range, &gnum;
- will enumerate the data points by row first.</para></note>
-
- <figure id="sampling-example-1">
- <title>Some Example Data for the Sampling Tool</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling-ex1.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of example data for use with the
- sampling tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- <example id="usingsamplingtool"><title>Using the Sampling Tool</title>
- <para><xref linkend="sampling-example-1" /> shows some example data and
- <xref linkend="sampling-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
- </para>
-</example>
- <figure id="sampling-example-2">
- <title>Sampling Tool Output</title>
- <screenshot>
- <mediaobject>
- <imageobject>
- <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-sampling-ex2.png"
- format="PNG" />
- </imageobject>
- <textobject>
- <phrase>An image of the output from the sampling
- tool.</phrase>
- </textobject>
- </mediaobject>
- </screenshot>
- </figure>
- </sect1>
+ <sect2 id="sign-test-tool">
+ <title>One Median</title>
+
+
+ <sect3 id="sign-test-tool">
+ <title>Sign Test</title>
+ <para></para>
+ </sect3>
- <sect1 id="sign-test-tool">
- <title>Sign Tests</title>
+ <sect3 id="sign-test-tool">
+ <title>Wilcoxon SIgned Rank Test</title>
<para></para>
- </sect1>
+ </sect3>
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="two_sample_tests">
+ <title>Two Sample Tests</title>
-<sect1 id="t-test-tool">
+<sect2 id="t-test-tool">
<title>Comparing Means of 2 Populations</title>
<para>&gnum; provides 4 similar
tools to test whether the difference of two population means is
@@ -2795,7 +2523,7 @@
</varlistentry>
</variablelist>
- <sect2 id="t-test-paired-two-samples-for-means-tool">
+ <sect3 id="t-test-paired-two-samples-for-means-tool">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test: Paired Two Sample for Means Tool</title>
<figure id="ttest-dialog-paired">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test (Paired) Tool Dialog Options</title>
@@ -2852,9 +2580,9 @@
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="t-test-two-sample-equal-variances-tool">
+ <sect3 id="t-test-two-sample-equal-variances-tool">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Equal Variances Tool</title>
<figure id="ttest-dialog-equal">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test (Equal Variances) Tool Dialog
@@ -2914,9 +2642,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="t-test-two-samples-unequal-variances">
+ <sect3 id="t-test-two-samples-unequal-variances">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test: Two-Sample Assuming Unequal Variances Tool</title>
<figure id="ttest-dialog-unequal">
<title><parameter>t</parameter>-Test (Unknown and Unequal Variances) Tool
@@ -2980,9 +2708,9 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
- </sect2>
+ </sect3>
- <sect2 id="ztest-two-samples-for-means-tool">
+ <sect3 id="ztest-two-samples-for-means-tool">
<title><parameter>z</parameter>-Test: Two Samples for Means Tool</title>
<figure id="ztest-dialog">
<title><parameter>z</parameter>-Test Tool Dialog Options</title>
@@ -3046,5 +2774,319 @@
</mediaobject>
</screenshot>
</figure>
+ </sect3>
+</sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="sign-test-tool">
+ <title>Sign Tests</title>
+ <para></para>
</sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="ftest-two-sample-for-variances-tool">
+ <title>F-Test: Two-Sample for Variances Tool</title>
+
+ <figure id="ftest-tool-dialog">
+ <title>F-Test Tool Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the dialog for an F-test analysis of
+ the equality of two variances.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <para>Use the F-Test tool to test whether two population
+ variances are different against the null hypothesis that
+ they are not.</para>
+
+ <para>Specify the variables in the <quote><guilabel>Variable 1 Range:</guilabel></quote>
+ and <quote><guilabel>Variable 2 Range:</guilabel></quote> entries. The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote>
+ entry contains the
+ significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
+
+ <para>If the first field of each range contains labels,
+ select the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option. The names of
+ the variables will be included in the output table.</para>
+
+ <para>The results are given in a table. This table contains
+ the mean, variance, count of observations and the degree
+ of freedom for both variables. The output table also includes the F-value,
+ the one-tailed probability for the F-value, and the F Critical
+ value for one-tailed test and the corresponding values for a two
+ tailed test. The one-tailed probability for the
+ F-value (<quote><guilabel>P(F<=f) one-tail</guilabel></quote> row) is the probability of making a
+ Type I error in the one-tailed test. Similarly, the two-tailed
+ probability for the F-value (<quote><guilabel>P two-tail</guilabel></quote> row)
+ is the probability of making a Type I error in the two-tailed test.
+ Since in the two-tailed F-Test both critical values are positive, the
+ <quote><guilabel>F Critical two-tail</guilabel></quote> row contains two numbers.</para>
+
+ <para>If the output is directed into a specific output range, that
+ range should contain at least three columns and eight rows.</para>
+
+ <figure id="ftest-example-1">
+ <title>Some Example Data</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of some example data for an F-test of
+ the equality of two variances.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <example id="usingftesttool"><title>Using the F-Test Tool</title>
+ <para><xref linkend="ftest-example-1" /> shows some example data and
+ <xref linkend="ftest-example-2" /> the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+</example>
+ <figure id="ftest-example-2">
+ <title>F-Test Tool Output</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ftest-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output of an F-test analysis of
+ the equality of two variances.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ </sect2>
+
</sect1>
+
+<sect1 id="multiple_sample_tests">
+ <title>Multiple Sample Tests</title>
+<sect2 id="anova">
+ <title>Analysis of Variance</title>
+
+ <sect3 id="anova-single-factor-tool">
+ <title>ANOVA: Single Factor Tool</title>
+
+ <para>
+ Use this tool to perform a single factor analysis of the
+ variances of given variables. The variables are specified by
+ the <quote><guilabel>Input Range:</guilabel></quote> entry.
+ The given range can be grouped into the variables either by
+ columns, by rows or by areas. The
+ <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
+ significance level which is by default 5%.
+ </para>
+
+ <para>If the first row or first column of the given range, or the
+ first field of each area contains labels, select the <quote><guibutton>Labels
+ </guibutton></quote> option. The names of
+ the variables will be included in the output table.</para>
+
+ <para>The results of this analysis of variance are presented in
+ a standard ANOVA table. The <quote><guilabel>F critical</guilabel></quote>
+ value is the largest value of F that is statistically significant
+ using the given significance level (<quote><guilabel>Alpha</guilabel></quote>).</para>
+
+ <para>This tool also calculates the count, sum, average,
+ and the variance of each variable.</para>
+
+ <figure id="anova-one-factor-tool-ex1">
+ <title>1-factor ANOVA Dialog and Example Data</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA1-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of a multilevel single factor ANOVA
+ analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+<example id="usinganovaonefactortool">
+ <title>Using the single factor ANOVA</title>
+ <para>See <xref linkend="anova-one-factor-tool-ex1" /> for an example
+ of a completed dialog and <xref
+ linkend="anova-one-factor-tool-ex2" />
+ for the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+ </example>
+ <figure id="anova-one-factor-tool-ex2">
+ <title>Output From a 1-factor ANOVA</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA1-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from a multilevel single
+ factor ANOVA analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3 id="anova-two-factor-tool">
+ <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor Tool</title>
+
+ <para>&gnum; can perform two factor fixed effects ANOVAs with and
+ without replication. The same dialog is used and the
+ appropriate tool is selected depending on whether the number of rows
+ per sample is 1 or larger than 1.</para>
+
+ <sect4 id="anova-two-factor-without-tool">
+ <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor Without Replication Tool</title>
+
+ <para>If the number of rows per sample is given as 1, &gnum;
+ performs a two factor fixed effects ANOVA without replication. Each
+ column of the input range is interpreted as a level of the first
+ factor while each row is interpreted as a level of the second factor.
+ </para>
+ <para>The first row and column of the range may contain labels for
+ these levels. In this case the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should be selected.
+ </para>
+ <para> The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
+ significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
+ <example id="usinganovatwofactorwotool">
+ <title>Using the 2-factor ANOVA Without Replication Tool</title>
+ <para>See <xref linkend="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex1" /> for an example
+ of a completed dialog and <xref
+ linkend="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex2" />
+ for the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+ </example>
+ <figure id="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex1">
+ <title>2-factor ANOVA Without Replication Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2wo-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of a two factor ANOVA without
+ replication analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <figure id="anova-two-factor-without-tool-ex2">
+ <title>Output From a 2-factor ANOVA Without Replication</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2wo-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from a two factor ANOVA without
+ replication analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ </sect4>
+
+ <sect4 id="anova-two-factor-with-tool">
+ <title>ANOVA: Two-Factor With Replication Tool</title>
+ <para>If the number of rows per sample is larger than 1, &gnum;
+ performs a two factor fixed effects ANOVA with replication. Each
+ column of the input range is interpreted as a level of the first
+ factor while groups of rows (the number of rows in each group given
+ by the <quote><guilabel>number of rows per sample</guilabel></quote> value) are interpreted as levels
+ of the second factor.
+ </para>
+ <para>The first row and column of the range may contain labels for
+ these levels. In this case the <quote><guibutton>Labels</guibutton></quote> option should be selected.
+ </para>
+ <para> The <quote><guilabel>Alpha:</guilabel></quote> entry specifies the
+ significance level which is by default 5%.</para>
+ <para>See <xref linkend="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex1" /> for an example
+ of a completed dialog and <xref
+ linkend="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex2" />
+ for the corresponding output.
+ </para>
+ <figure id="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex1">
+ <title>2-factor ANOVA With Replication Dialog</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2w-ex1.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of a two factor ANOVA with replication
+ analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+ <figure id="anova-two-factor-with-tool-ex2">
+ <title>Output From a 2-factor ANOVA With Replication</title>
+ <screenshot>
+ <mediaobject>
+ <imageobject>
+ <imagedata fileref="figures/analysistools-ANOVA2w-ex2.png"
+ format="PNG" />
+ </imageobject>
+ <textobject>
+ <phrase>An image of the output from a two factor ANOVA
+ with replication analysis.</phrase>
+ </textobject>
+ </mediaobject>
+ </screenshot>
+ </figure>
+
+ <para>&gnum; will estimate missing
+ values for each level combination as the mean of the existing
+ values in that combination. The degrees of freedom are adjusted
+ appropriately. </para>
+
+ </sect4>
+ </sect3>
+
+</sect2>
+
+ <sect2 id="chi-square-tool">
+ <title>Tests for a Contingency Table</title>
+
+ <sect3 id="homogeneity-tool">
+ <title>Test of Homogeneity</title>
+ <para></para>
+ </sect3>
+ <sect3 id="independence-tool">
+ <title>Test of Independence</title>
+ <para></para>
+ </sect3>
+
+ </sect2>
+</sect1>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
diff --git a/doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png b/doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png
index 9299924..54423fe 100644
Binary files a/doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png and b/doc/C/figures/analysistools-tools.png differ
diff --git a/doc/C/gnumeric.xml b/doc/C/gnumeric.xml
index cc4097e..55b6e43 100644
--- a/doc/C/gnumeric.xml
+++ b/doc/C/gnumeric.xml
@@ -607,13 +607,12 @@
</para>
<para>
- The data analysis tools package contains tools for statistical
+ &gnum; includes various tools for statistical
data analysis and data sampling. To use
- these tools select the <guilabel>Data Analysis...</guilabel> item
- in the <guilabel>Tools</guilabel> menu. This yields a list of
- tools to choose from. Select one of the tools from the list and
- press the OK button or double-click on the tool. The tools are
- described below.
+ these tools select them from the <guilabel>Statistics</guilabel> menu
+ and its submenus. The tools are described below. In this description as
+ well as in the <guilabel>Statistics</guilabel> menu these tools are
+ classified into six categories.
</para>
<figure id="fig-statistical-analysistools">
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